Analysis Of Elie Wiesel s Auschwitz - 1153 Words

In Auschwitz alone, approximately 1.1 million innocent beings were killed (about.com). For those living during that time, just how significant to them was human survival? Author Elie Wiesel writes about his suffering, and doesn’t fail to include many themes, including will power and survival. Night takes place during 1940’s, which is when the genocide of the Jews occurred. The main character, Elie (also the author), shares his experience in concentration camps. He and his father underwent all sorts of misery, from starvation, to hard labor, death marches, and plenty more. Having the opportunity to share his experience, the author emphasizes certain topics. Elie Wiesel uses diction, setting, and figurative language in Night to†¦show more content†¦In this case, Elie is terrified of being too thin and frail to make it out of the concentration camps alive. The repetition of the words: too skinny/weak, and multiple ellipsis are a type of diction, which is how purpo se is interleaved. Later into the book, the prisoners are forced to run to their new location, and once again, Elie’s motivation is to keep breathing. The endless running makes the prisoners â€Å"[exceed] the limits of fatigue† and feel as if their â€Å"legs [are moving] mechanically, in spite of [them], without [them]† (Wiesel 87). At this stage, Elie has been running for a while now, and he stops caring about any physical discomfort, because all that truly matters is not to stop (it results in dying). The diction is seen to be as if Elie isn’t actually in his body, and he is narrating from afar, because he lacks to describe any emotions or opinions. The theme of survival can be displayed in multiple ways throughout Night, and one of Elie’s methods is to encompass diction. Wiesel exposes the actions that are a result of survival instincts in Jews by describing the setting and environment of the camp. When Elie is introduced to the barracks, he c an’t help but be shocked by the behavior and reactions of those around him. â€Å"This is what the antechamber of hell must look like† Elie thinks as they entered the barrack. He is so convinced of this because there’s â€Å"so many crazed men,

Modern Day Slavery Is An Appalling Evil - 1788 Words

Modern day slavery is an appalling evil that is lurking beneath the shadows of the 21st century. Most people assume that slavery has been abolished and no longer exists in modern day society; however, many men, women, and children are subjected to forced labor and the sex trade industry. One of the places where this is most prominent is in an island off Southeast Asia, called the Philippines. The Philippines is a destination and transit country for men, women, and children who are subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor. This forced harboring and exploitation of humans is defined as human trafficking. Based on the definition given by the Trafficking in Persons Protocol, there are three constituent elements involved in human trafficking. These three elements include the acts, the means, and the purpose. Recruitment, transportation, and harboring are all involved in the acts or what is done during human trafficking. The abuse of power, giving payments or benefits to contro l a person, fraud, and use of force all encompass the how it is done, or the means. The purpose of exploitation includes forced prostitution, labor, sexual exploitation, slavery or any other similar practices (â€Å"Human Trafficking†). A great majority of the human trafficking that occurs in the Philippines is controlled by organized crime organizations and complicit law enforcement officers who operate through fraudulent recruitment agencies and traffic migrants (â€Å"Philippines†). TheseShow MoreRelatedThe Republic Of Haiti Versus The French Republic1963 Words   |  8 Pagesexactly to approach these Haitians in open rebellion due to the fact that the Haitian battle cry for freedom resonated with the French being that they had just overcome their monarchy in the French Revolution from the same tyrannies as oppression and slavery of the people by the rich. 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The US Australian Alliance Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the US Australian Alliance. Answer: The alliance with the USA has been the most important plank in Australian foreign policy sincethe Second World War. Is this enduring alliance based on shared interests or tradition. The Second World War brought about various changes in the Australian government which led to the development of a mutual relationship with the US. The Australian foreign policy has been dominated by the American since the end of II World war. It has been discovered that Australia has wholly relied on the Great Britain which is the mother country for foreign policy. However, as the Australia benefits from security provision from the US, the US benefits from gaining economic advantages from Australia. After the Japanese threats and incursion which initiated a need to seek for foreign policies, from the Great Britain to the USA, the Great Britain declined to offer a defence to the Australian people during the threatening times. This necessitated the country to look for alternative ways of attaining the national and regional security for the government and the people. The USA, being the world's most influential, powerful and advanced nation came to the aid of Australia in pursuit to provide security and this caused a significant alliance. As it was thought that Australia was unable to protect itself independently, the country signed the ANZUS Treaty in order to strengthen the relationship with the US in pursuit of national security. The ANZUS was meant to be a mutual support agreement that each country would come to the aid of others in case of a civil war or attack by terrorists. The treaty was to provide the Australia with the access to the Americas highest military and political boards for long-term security provision against the Japanese threats. For the US, the alliance was meant to pawn the spread of socialism in the Pacific region and Asia since it already had a peace deal with Japan. The Australian facilities and its people were a major target in the post-9/11 environment since the country had a close alliance with the US. The transport systems were the most vulnerable areas of attacks due to the physique movement of passengers and dependence on aviation (De Prato Simon, 2015). Recommendations were made which focused on improving the aviation security by initiating enhanced security training and a system to recover the lost security in aviation. Australia and the US have various shared interests in the stability and security of the Indian Ocean which is the area of intersection although at times they may approach it differently. The presence of the US militia in the region is regarded as a significant stabilizing factor. Australia is also involved in the security provision whereby the US has encouraged it to contribute much to the security of the region. Australia has recognized its need to engage in the security provision and it has benefited a lot from the US strategic predominance in the region. While Australias biggest aim of the relationship is to attain national security and assurance of military assistance in times of war, the US focuses on gaining the economic advantage due to its powerful dominance of weapons (Pelletier, 2013). The US and Australia have often agreed on issues based on the post-cold war era. Australia agrees with the US assessment of risks and threats and also supports the America's policy responses. In establishing the Australian economy, the US has played a role in running a trade deficit with the country. Although America has done much in sustaining the export-led development of Australia, through voracious consumer-led demand, Australia has not benefited much in these developments (Koinova, 2014). Australia exports to America are products of insensitive areas and this subjects them to trade restrictions and barriers. In the pursuit to eliminate these trade barriers, the Australian government has made efforts to achieve a free trade agreement with the US as a foreign policy which comes with some positive impacts. The Australian government has majored in conveying binding, long-term agreements which will prevent the US from using the enormous powers to pursue biased bilateral deals favoring its interests. The US has pursued tacitly relating trade and security issues as a way to reward Australia due to their commitments in the war against terrorists in America. However, the effo rts seem to bear fewer fruits. The role of Australia in the war on terror in supporting the America against the Iraq, further threatened the long-standing export markets (Yu, 2016). The security relationship between the two countries has been healthy over the years with America being militarily dominant. The ANZUS ensues military ties between the two countries. Although Australias defense organizers have moved to a more resourceful defense attitude, the relationship with the US still remains significant as it provides access to defense technology and intelligence which Australia cannot reach on its own. As the country strives to own the expensive weapons which can fight large-scale conservative wars, it is seemingly important that in case of an attack, America will still have to chip in. Nonetheless, the relevance of the high-cost weapons systems such as the Joint Strike Fighter program is still in doubt as the program will place the country in an unconfirmed system which looks misplaced in the embryonic non-traditional security environment. It is casual that the US is focused to take advantage of its exploitative spot as the supplier of the advanced military te chnology to secure its commercial benefits (Al-Ekabi et al, 2015). This is because the US plans to tie the strategic and economic issues in a way which will conciliate the decision of the Australia to be independent in the provision of security. The US fears its capacity to obtain commercial benefits being challenged by this move since the defense spending will have reduced. The alliance was based on the shared interest that every country may support each other in times of war. As seen in the II world war, the US got much involved in the fight to help Australia and similarly, during the US war with the Iraq, Australia spared no efforts to help the country gain peace. Since the Second World War, the US- Australian relationship has gained an increasingly protruding position in the development of the security and economic policies in Australia. However, the relationship subjects Australia to the Americas global political priorities and policies which may necessarily not be the interests of the Australia. References Al-Ekabi, C., Baranes, B., Hulsroj, P., Lahcen, A. (Eds.). (2015).Yearbook on Space Policy 2014: The Governance of Space. Springer. Press. De Prato, G., Simon, J. P. (2015). Is data really the new oil of the 21st century or just another snake oil? Looking at uses and users (private/public). Press. Koinova, M. (2014). Diasporas and contextualized transnationalism. InPost-Yugoslavia(pp. 133-161). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Press. Lubin, F. J. L. (2014). Some Examples of Restructuring (II). InThe Executive Guide to Corporate Restructuring(pp. 115-138). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Press. McNamara, P., Harvey, A., Andrewartha, L. (2017). Passports out of poverty: Raising access to higher education for care leavers in Australia.Children and Youth Services Review. Press. O la Unin Europea, R., Prez, J. G. (2017). Nota del Coordinador del Nmero 9. Press. Pelletier, B. J. J. (2013).Internationalization of SME and entry mode choice in Brazil: the case study of Ameco, a French SME(Doctoral dissertation). Press. Sinnett, D., Calvert, T., Burgess, S ., Smith, N. (2017). Global green infrastructure: How is green infrastructure research transl ated into practice outside the UK? Press. Tiwari, A. K., Dash, A. K., Narayanan, B. G. (2017). Foreign tourist arrivals in India from major source countries: an empirical analysis.Current Issues in Tourism, 1-20. Press. Yu, P. K. (2016). The Investment-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.Am. UL Rev.,66, 829. Press.

Negative Impact of Social Websites free essay sample

Social networking has greatly impacted society, especially when it comes down to common sites such as Facebook, My space, or even Twitter. It has been noticed to have both a negative and positive effect on society. Although social networks can have good and positive effect on people but unfortunately it has plenty of negative effects on students. Through reports its evaluated that social networking sites has formed a new kind of addiction which we call the social media addiction and it is quite true in using Facebook,twitter,hi5 etc. Are you addicted to Facebook? Twitter? hi5? (etc. Some students would say yes and some would say no. It depends on the level of cravings. But it was found that a lot of students are by now addicted to it, to the extent that their school performance is affected. Children who spend much of their time online find it harder to focus in class and have short attention span, Researchers have found it out through the samples that 7 out of 10 teachers said that t heir students are becoming addicted with social websites such as Facebook or twitter. We will write a custom essay sample on Negative Impact of Social Websites or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Their students tend to study while using Facebook or twitter and it shows that they got 20% lower grades. Social sites using students even perform study related task without completion for the reason that they spend more time looking on their updates about their friends and look up for their notifications rather than finishing their school tasks. Aside that Facebook affects student’s academic performance; it also has an effect on student’s emotional health. Students feel connected to others but study shows that they manifest depression through seeing their status updates. Some would utilize the site to express what they feel towards their rival in school or even outside the campus. They would blurt out through posting status that would target their opponent just to hurt their feelings. 1. Teenagers who use Facebook more often show more narcissistic tendencies while young adults who have a strong Facebook presence show more signs of other psychological disorders, including antisocial behaviors, mania and aggressive tendencies. 2. Daily overuse of media and technology has a negative effect on the health of all children, preteens and teenagers by making them more prone to depression, and other psychological disorders, as well as by making them more susceptible to future health problems. . Students mostly use slang words or shortened forms of words on social networking sites. They start relying on the computer grammar and spelling check features. This reduces their command over the language and their creative writing skills. 4. The student’s motivational level reduces due to the use of these social networking sites. They rely on the virtual environment inste ad of gaining practical knowledge from the real world. 5. The more time the students spend on these social media sites, the less time they will spend socializing in person with others. This reduces their communication skills. They will not be able to communicate and socialize effectively in person with others. The employers are getting more and more unsatisfied with the communication skills of the fresh graduates due to this reason. The effective communication skills are a key to success in the real world. 6. Facebook and other sites can be very distracting for students and can impact negatively on their learning, reports have proved that the students who check their Facebook or social account at least once is a study time of 15 minutes has scored lower grades in their studies. For sure there can be many other reasons for a student’s inattention in studies. But somehow social networks like Facebook, Orkut, and Twitter etc. have a negative impact on the education of some students. Facebook could make students vain for better or for worse and it is the parent’s and teacher’s duty to watch and guide their children to get the utmost good benefits from Social networking website. GOOD MIND ALWAYS GOOD FIND

Free Essays on Home Town

Hometown In Hiller Pennsylvania one’s emotional and physical state will always be in good hands. Hiller is not a local breeding ground for underachievers but to only those who demand excellence and surely the best. As a small tight nit community Hiller resides as one of the friendliest towns in America. As a young child, my existence in Hiller has brought great joy and excitement. Knowing that every morning when I wake up a new fun filled day was to begin again. Every child from each block in the neighborhood would gather in the local Luzerne Park field ready and willing to play a few rounds of outrageous back yard football. Battered and bruised each one of us would then hobble home only to be nourished and fed while waiting to get ready and go ruff it again in some other type of sport. Throughout my eighteen years of living there many memories and the friendly locals in general have placed themselves above the rest for their uniqueness and special qualities that are not found no where else. Since Hiller has been put onto the map many have flocked to live in its lively atmosphere. Houses in my town are very close together just like the relationships the neighbors have bonded in their years of residence. In Hiller when a hand is needed it will be given and when a friend is wanted a person will surely have no problem finding one. Hiller embraces any new comer as if they have been living there forever. Its existence and purpose is not complicated, if you treat it with respect, respect to the fullest will be received back. As an individual, my hometown has supported me both physically and mentally. Without the experience of growing up there I would not know what kind of person I would be as of today.... Free Essays on Home Town Free Essays on Home Town Hometown In Hiller Pennsylvania one’s emotional and physical state will always be in good hands. Hiller is not a local breeding ground for underachievers but to only those who demand excellence and surely the best. As a small tight nit community Hiller resides as one of the friendliest towns in America. As a young child, my existence in Hiller has brought great joy and excitement. Knowing that every morning when I wake up a new fun filled day was to begin again. Every child from each block in the neighborhood would gather in the local Luzerne Park field ready and willing to play a few rounds of outrageous back yard football. Battered and bruised each one of us would then hobble home only to be nourished and fed while waiting to get ready and go ruff it again in some other type of sport. Throughout my eighteen years of living there many memories and the friendly locals in general have placed themselves above the rest for their uniqueness and special qualities that are not found no where else. Since Hiller has been put onto the map many have flocked to live in its lively atmosphere. Houses in my town are very close together just like the relationships the neighbors have bonded in their years of residence. In Hiller when a hand is needed it will be given and when a friend is wanted a person will surely have no problem finding one. Hiller embraces any new comer as if they have been living there forever. Its existence and purpose is not complicated, if you treat it with respect, respect to the fullest will be received back. As an individual, my hometown has supported me both physically and mentally. Without the experience of growing up there I would not know what kind of person I would be as of today....

Top 100 Common Job Interview Questions

Top 100 Common Job Interview Questions SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Job interviews are a key part of the hiring process. They can also be incrediblynerve-wracking! The best way to calm anypre-interview jittersis to prepare well-crafted responses to the major questions comingyour way. While you can’t predict exactly what the hiring manager will ask you, you can come upwithanswers to the most common questions. This guide contains the top 100 questions that hiring managers ask in a job interview. Before getting to the list, let’s consider why it’s so important to prepare for job interview questions, rather than just winging it. Why Should You Prepare for Job Interview Questions? Interviews are important; there’s no getting around that. They’re often your first opportunity to communicate directly with a hiring manager and advocate for yourself as the best person for the job. While some interviews are more conversational than others, none of them feel like the most natural socialdynamic. The interviewer’s going to ask you some open-ended, some specific questions about your skills and experiences, and you should be prepared to answer them in a strategic way. The last thing you want to do is go blank or start rambling about your childhood dog. To excel in your interview, you should prepare your responses to common interview questions.With enough mock interview practice leading up to the real thing, you can make sure your answerssound natural and leave an excellent impression. For more on how to answer common interview questions, check out our guide with tips and sample responses! For now, let’s go over how this list of 100 questions is sorted into categories. How Does This List Work? No interviewer's going to ask you 100 questions in a row unless they possess King Joffrey levels of cruelty. However, they might sample a few questions from each of the below categories to get a full sense of your skills and experiences. There are five categories of questions in this list: traditional, behavioral, cultural fit, logistical, and curveballs. Traditional questions are the ones with which you might already be familiar. They tend to be open-ended and ask about your background, goals, and work style. Behavioral questions are some of the trickiest, because they ask you to provide specific examples that illustrate an achievement, a learning experience, or even a failure. Cultural fit questions are also common, and they’re particularly important for organizations that place high value in workplace culture. These may feel more personal or creative, but your answers should still be tailored to the organization at hand. Logistical questions tend to focus on your work history, how long you plan to stay, and salary expectations. Curveball questions are the random ones that you might expect during an icebreaker on your first day of summer camp. Don’t dismiss these questions as unimportant, though, as they’re an opportunity to let your personality shine through. Curveball questions can also be another way that the manager gauges cultural fit. You’ll find 99 questions sorted into these five categories. As for the special 100th question? That one’s at the end of the list, and it’s a virtually universal question that every interviewee must be prepared to answer! Before getting to that final essential question, plus some extra tips on how to prepare, let’s start in with some of the most common traditional job interview questions. The "tell me about yourself" prompt is an old classic, like apple pie at Thanksgiving. Don'tbe surprised if your interviewer brings it to the table. Traditional Questions: Who Are You? What Are Your Qualifications for the Job? The questions in this category are fairly common interview questions that interviewers have been asking for years. They’re often some of the first questions in an interview that get the conversational ball rolling as the interviewer explores your professional skills, attitudes, and experiences. Check out the traditional job interview questions below, and then scroll down for some tips on how to prepare for these types of questions. Common Traditional Job Interview Questions 1. Tell me about yourself. 2. What do you consider to be your greatest professional strengths? 3. What would you say are your weaknesses? 4. Why do you want this job? 5. Why should we hire you? 6. What would you contribute to this job? 7. If you had a personal mission statement, what would it be? 8. If you had to describe yourself in one word, what would it be? 9. What do you feel makes you unique? 10. What do you find motivating? 11. How do you define and measure success? 12. Where do you see yourself in five years? 13. How does this position fit in with the career path you see for yourself? 14. Would you consider yourself a big-picture person or a detail-oriented person? 15. What are some of your hobbies? 16. What were some responsibilities in your previous job? 17. What’s your work style like? 18. What were some of your favorite things to do in your last position? 19. What were some of your least favorite things to do in your last job? 20. What would your manager say are your best strengths? 21. What would your manager say are areas that you need to develop more? 22. How do you make decisions? 23. What could you contribute to make this company better? 24. What are you looking for in your next position? 25. What’s your style of management? 26. Can you describe the best boss you ever had? 27. Can you describe the worst boss you ever had? 28. How do you manage your time? 29. What are you looking for regarding career development? 30. What’s a goal you have for self-improvement in the next year? 31. How has your education gotten you ready for your career? 32. If you got this job, what would some of your goals be? 33. How do you keep yourself organized? 34. Do you prefer working in a team or alone? Tips for Answering Traditional Questions As you can see, traditional questions tend to ask about your skills and what you would bring to the job. While some of the questions may sound more personal, like â€Å"tell me about yourself† or â€Å"what makes you unique?† they’re all openers to advocate for your professional qualifications. Your answers, therefore, should be tailored to the job and organization. A common mistake is to talk onlyabout your own goals and what you’re looking for in a new job. While a hiring manager does want to see your motivations and passions, she's also concerned withmaking a successful hire. She needs to see not just what you want, but what you could do for her organization. As you prepare your responses, then, you should consider the job description and what the company seeks. If one of the core competencies, or main skills, of the job is teamwork and collaboration, then you probably shouldn’t start talking about how much you prefer to work alone. You should bring in the core competencies of thejob in your responses, albeit in a natural-sounding way. In addition to tailoring your responses, a second tip for answering these questions is bringing in specific examples. Who doesn’t like to hear a good story? Even if the question doesn’t ask for a specific example, you could often benefit from sharing one, especially if you're someone who tends to drift into vague language. To make your answers more concrete, you could pinpointparticularinstances from your past. The next category, behavioral questions, explicitly asks you to bring in specific examples. Unless you’re a pro at thinking on your feet, these can be some of the most difficult questions to answer on the spot. Luckily, you’ll be prepared with your examples before you walk in the door! Interviewers ask behavioral questions so that you'll give specific examples oftimes that you succeeded, handled conflict, or, like this tired corkscrew, went above and beyond the call of duty. Behavioral Questions: How Do You Acton the Job? As someone who struggles to come up with a specific example when put on the spot, I think behavioral questions are pretty much the worst. At the same time, they’re also super common. Chances are, you’ll get asked a bunch of behavioral questions in your job interview. Hiring managers don’t just want to hear abstract ideas about your work ethic or skills. They want to hear about specific times when you achieved something, managed conflict, or bounced back after a failure. One rationale for these questions is that past behavior indicates future behavior. By gaining a sense of what you’ve done in the past, the hiring manager has a clearer vision of how you’ll perform in the future. The other reason behind these questions is that behavioral questions and answers are simply more interesting. They call for specific stories, and these stories make your candidacy more memorable and colorful. You want to leave a great impression, and intriguing anecdotes are one way to accomplish this. Below you’ll find some common examples of behavioral questions, followed by some tips for answering them. Common Behavioral Questions 35. Can you describe a time you demonstrated leadership? 36. Can you speak to a time that you had to handle criticism of your work? 37. Tell me about a time when your workload was especially heavy and how you dealt with it. 38. What would you do if you were asked to take on more assignments than you could conceivably finish by the expected deadlines? 39. Can you give me an example of a time you had to follow a policy with which you didn’t agree? 40. Tell me about a time you went above and beyond expectations at work. 41. Have you ever worked on a time when someone was not pulling his weight? What did you do? 42. Have you ever had trouble working with a manager? 43. Can you tell me about a time your boss disagreed with something you did? How did you deal with it? 44. How do you handle difficult customers? 45. How do you deal with stressful situations? 46. Have you ever had to deal with a coworker who put you down at work? What did you do? 47. Can you tell me about a time that you faced a difficult situation with a colleague? 48. Give me an example of a time that you failed. 49. Have you ever had to give someone tough feedback? How did you go about that? 50. Have you ever gone against official policy or directives? Why? What were the results? 51. Can you give me an example of a challenge or conflict you faced at work? Describe how you handled it. Tips for Answering Behavioral Questions As you can see, behavioral questions explicitly ask you to give specific examples. Your mission, then? To highlight success stories that show you possess some of the core competencies the interviewer is looking for. Just as all your answers should be tailored to the job at hand, so too should your examples be chosen based on the job description and organization. If problem-solving is a big part of the prospective job, then choose an example, if possible, that demonstrates your problem-solving skills. Similarly, if you’re asked to provide a failure, don’t choose a story where you failed because you lack one of the core competencies. If the position wants you to be highly organized, don’t go on and on about your problems with organization. In fact, you could subtly highlight the opposite; maybe there was a time you failed to look at the big picture because you were too concerned with details of organization, and you’ve since learned how to balance the two. As you know by now, you should tailor your responses, but don’t just tell the interviewer what you think she wants to hear or choose a cop-out answer, like â€Å"I work too hard† or â€Å"I care too much.† You still want to be authentic and true to yourself. The best way to ace these behavioral questions is to show up with a few prepared success stories in your mental suitcase. Perhaps you can packfour or five that relate to the most common questions - a time you showed leadership, a challenge you faced, a story about teamwork, an example of problem solving, and an instance of failure. One final tip about that â€Å"describe a time that you failed† prompt - don’t focus too much on failure. Be honest about the failure, but show how you saw it as a learning opportunity. Talk about how you acknowledged, addressed, and grew from your mistake. Your attitude toward setbacks may be just as important as the story you share. Now that you have a sense of those tricky behavioral questions and how to prepare for them, let’s look at the next major category: questions that aim to gauge your cultural fit. Maybe your ideal workplace values teamwork, innovation, or indoor climbing walls. Let the interviewer know what draws you to itsculture. Cultural Fit Questions:Do You Share Our Values? Organizational culture has always been important for employees, and today it seems tobe even more so. Many private companies, in particular, pay a ton of attention to workplace values and the happiness levels of employees. Good morale and workplace perks can improveindividual performance, retention, andteamwork, as well as prevent workplace conflict. Many hiring managers, therefore, will ask interview questions aimed at gaining a sense of your cultural fit. Check out some of the questions below, and then read on for a few tips on how to prepare for them. Common Cultural Fit Questions 52. What does teamwork mean to you? 53. What three qualities do you look for in a workplace? 54. How would you deal with a coworker you don’t get along with? 55. How well would you say you adapt to change? 56. What are you passionate about? 57. Describe your ideal company culture. What four or five characteristics does it have? 58. Who inspires you and why? 59. What motivates you to come into work everyday? 60. What was it like working at your last company? 61. What are some of your workplace values? 62. Do you prefer a more structured work environment or one where you can be more entrepreneurial? 63. What personality types would you say you work best with? 64. What are some activities you like to do outside of work, and how do they benefit your day-to-day job? 65. What would your friends tell me about you? Tips for Answering Cultural Fit Questions As you can see, a lot of these cultural fit questions focus on workplace values. They also bring out soft skills, like communication, flexibility, motivation, passion, and outside interests. While these questions are opportunities to let your personality shine through, don’t forget that you’re in a job interview. You still want to customizeyour answers to the organization, and the best way to do this is to research its culture online and, if possible, by speaking to its employees. The company website’s a great resource, as well as sites like LinkedIn and Glassdoor. If you know any people who work there, definitely reach out and ask them about their experiences. These cultural fit questions work two ways. The manager wants to see how you’d fit in, but you also want to make sure the culture aligns with your values and work style. Make sure it’s the sort of place you’d like to work and could be successful. Find out about values, and, if you share them, reflect this understanding and alignment in your responses. Logistical questions might ask about a gap in employment or a career change, such as, "Going from a dog walker to a NASA astronaut seems like a big change. Could you speak on that a bit?" Logistical Questions: Employment History and Salary Expectations Logistical questions tend to be straightforward. They might ask about details on your resume, your professional goals, or your salary expectations. Some of these questions, especially about salary, may show up later in the hiring process, like in a second interview. You should be prepared to discuss them, though, just in case. Below are some common questions that fall into this logistical category. Common Logistical Questions 66. You worked at your last company for a long time. Will it be difficult moving to a new firm? 67. Why have you changed jobs so often over the past few years? 68. If you got this job, how long would you plan to stay with us? 69. What did you earn at your last job? 70. What are your salary expectations? 71. Why do you have a gap in your job history? 72. Why do you think you can lead a team without any previous managerial experience? 73. Why do you want to join our company? 74. Why do you want to move from an academic field to the business world (or vice versa)? 75. Why should we give you the job over other applicants? 76. Would you jump ship if you received another offer? 77. What other companies are you applying to? 78. Why did you freelance for a long period of time? 79. What caused you to leave your last position? 80. Why do you want to leave your current position? 81. Why did you take a job that seems unrelated to your career path? Tips for Answering Logistical Questions While you may have already talked about your skills and experiences, these logistical questions will get you talking specifically about your professional history. Be prepared to speak on your last job, its responsibilities, and your reasons for applying elsewhere. If you have any gaps in employment or are making a career change, you should also be ready to speak on that. As for salary, interviewers may save this question for later in the hiring process, like a second interview. You shouldn’t be dishonest about what you’ve made in the past, but you may decline to share by saying that the two jobs are so different, you don’t feel your last salaryappliesto the current situation. If you’re just not sure, do some research on the company website and sites like Payscale and Glassdoor to see what you could expect from a comparable position. I’ve found these sites sometimes have such a big range it’s hard to be sure, but you can look at the available information and then decidewhat's a reasonable range for you. Again, as you should in all your responses, make sure to communicate your enthusiasm for the position and commitment to the organization should you be hired. Finally, let’s consider the fifth category of questions, the curveballs. Don't get thrown by randomquestions, like, "If you were a vacation, would you be a camping trip, agrouptour, or a luxury spa?" Actually, maybe that one's from a Buzzfeed quiz. Curveball Questions: The Odd and Unexpected We've reached the quirky curveball questions. Like they sound, these questions run the gambit of total randomness. They tend to be odd and imaginative, and are mainly asked to gain a sense of your personality and ability to think on your feet. Of course, if you've already prepared for the right ones, then you won’t have to think on your feet! Some questions aim to root out your entrepreneurial qualities or vision. Others seek to see how you self-reflect and make decisions. Others, well - it’s hard to say what some of these are getting at. That’s why I decided to call them curveballs! Check out some potential curveball questions below, along with tenreal-life examples that interviewers from big companies, like Dropbox and Trader Joe’s have asked prospective employees. Then check out some tips on how to prepare for the unexpected! Potential Curveball Questions 82. If you could live your life over again from the beginning, what’s one thing that you would change? 83. If you could be an animal, which one would you be and why? 84. If you could relive the last 10 years of your life, what would you do differently? 85. If you were a tree, what kind of tree would you be? 86. What’s one new thing you taught yourself in the last year? 87. What would the name of your app be? 88. You have two minutes. Teach me something. 89. Why do people climb mountains? 90. From Space Exploration Technologies: When a hot dog expands, in which direction does it split and why? 91. From Whole Foods Market: Would you rather fight 1 horse-sized duck, or 100 duck-sized horses? 92. From Dropbox: If you’re the CEO, what are the first three things you check about the business when you wake up? 93. From Urban Outfitters: What would the name of your debut album be? 94. From J.W. Business Acquisitions: How would you sell hot cocoa in Florida? 95. From Hubspot: If I gave you $40,000 to start a business, what would you start? 96. From Trader Joe’s: What would you do if you found a penguin in the freezer? 97. From Boston Consulting Group: If you were a brand, what would be your motto? 98. From Delta Air Lines: How many basketballs would fit in this room? 99. From Uniqlo: If you had $2,000, how would you double it in 24 hours? Source of questions 90-99: Glassdoor.com Tips for Answering Curveballs Is it possible to prepare for the unpredictable? Sure, to some extent. While you may not know exactly what questions you’ll get asked, you can hone your skills of thinking on your feet. Improv actors, for example, don’t just get up on stage and see what happens. They keep their imaginations active and flexible with improvactivities. You might similarly try a rapid-fire question and answer practice session to see what you come up with. You should find that your answers come easier and more creative the moreyou warm up. As with all your other answers, you might be able to tailor your responses to the job. For instance, if you get asked about what kind of animal you would be, you could choose one that’s associated with leadership, like a lion, cleverness, like a monkey, or strong work ethic, like an ant, depending on what the job's looking for. At the same time, try not to overthink these too much. They’re more lighthearted and chances to reveal your personality and sense of humor. And if you find your mind totally goes blank, you could try to buy a little extra time with the old trick of, â€Å"That’s a great question. I’ll have to think about that for a second...† Now that you’ve read over 99 common interview questions in the five major categories, let’s take a look at the final question that almost every interviewer asks at the end of your meeting. Even if your interviewer doesn't ask you any of the previous 99 questions, you can be pretty sure that she'll ask you this next one! Final Crucial Job Interview Question Finally, you’ve made it to the end of the list and have seen 99 of the most common traditional, behavioral, cultural fit, logistical, and curveball questions that might come your way in the job interview. But we promised you 100 questions, and saved the nearly universal question for last. This question is an absolute must for your interview preparation. Almost every interviewer asks it, and there’s definitely a way that you can answer it wrong. Here it is: 100. Do you have any questions for me? Tips for the Final Question This final question’s not a particularly hard one, but it is very important. The biggest mistake you could make here is to say, â€Å"Nope!† The answer to this question should always be yes, and you should have at least two thoughtful questions to ask your interviewer. You may be sick of reading about how your answers should be tailored to the job and organization at hand, so I’ll just say it one last time: your questions should be tailored to the job and organization at hand (sorry). Your questions are one more opportunity to show your interest and enthusiasm. You can show that you’ve researched the organization and have a strong understanding of its culture and mission.Don’t ask questions that can be easily answered with a Google search. Similarly, don’t ask ones that you just talked about ten minutes before. What you already know about the company can inform your questions, though, as it shows you’ve done some digging. You might say, "I saw on your website that one of your long-term goals is xxx. Could you tell me about some of the specific steps you’ll be taking in the next few months to work toward this?" You couldask about a typical day in the office, what your team members would be like, or what qualities the company values most in its employees. For more suggestions on questions to ask at the end of your interview, check out this question and answer guide. So there you have it, one hundred of the most common questions that get asked in job interviews. In closing, let’s go over thekey pieces of adviceto remember as you prepare to rock your job interview. Here's one piece of advice: Do yourpreparation before you get to theinterview! Preparing forInterview Questions: FinalWords of Advice Interviews can be an intimidating hurdle in the hiring process, but believe it or not, they can also be exciting! They’re your opportunity to speak with your next potential manager and teammate, learn more about an organization, and show that you’re the best person for the job. With enough preparation, you can give succinct, thoughtful responses to any interview question. While you may not be able to completely eliminate all the unknowns, you can definitely reduce them considerably. As you consider how you would answer the above questions, make sure you keep thesefourmain guidelines in mind. Research the Job, Organization, and Your Interviewer In order to give a good interview, you mustbe knowledgeable about the job you’re applying for and the organization you wish tojoin. This knowledge will help youprepare tailored responses and present yourself as the best candidate for the job. You should thoroughly read the job description and learn about the organization from its website. You might read about it in news articles or reach out to current or former employees for their views.Once you have a clearer understanding of the job and workplace culture, you can start to analyze your own skillset to see how it matches up. This process of deconstructing the job description is an important step in customizing your answers, as you'll read below. Beyond researching the job and company, you should see also seek to learn more about your interviewer. You might track the person down on LinkedIn or via a bio on the company's website. You might discover a shared interest or personal connection that could spark conversation, whether you bring it up explicitly or not. I have a friend who learned that his next interviewer grew up on a military base in Georgia. When he interviewed, my friend used a bunch of military-related metaphors when describing his ideal management style. Apparently, his interviewer loved it, and my friend got the job. You don'twant to creep out your interviewer by repeating her LinkedIn profile back to her, but you mightdiscover a shared interest and work it into the conversation. In addition toshowing your enthusiasm for the job and organization, making a personal connection with your interviewer can never hurt! Collect Your Success Stories Have you ever heard the phrase, "Show, don't tell"? It means that you should give specific, illustrative examples and avoid vague, abstract language. It's a good rule forimproving your writing, and it's a good rule for improving your interview answers, too. Anyone can talk about how detail-oriented they are, but only people who actually possess this quality can share specific examples. Not only will anecdotes prove what you say about yourself, but they'll also be more memorable to the interviewer. As you read above, behavioral questions are all the rage these days. Interviewers want to get beyond the basics and dig into your past behaviors and experiences. They want to learn about how you've met a challenge, handled conflict, or interacted with your team in the past to get a clearer vision of how you'll behave in the new role. To answer these questions, you should be prepared with a few tried-and-true "success stories" from your past. These may come from your past job, or, if you're new to the workforce, from your education or perhaps volunteer work. You should be prepared to speak on some common themes, such as a time that you showed leadership, solved a problem, collaborated with your peers, faced a challenge, handled stress and pressure, or resolved conflict. As for the questions that ask about conflict or failure, try to choose an example that you learned. Frame itless as a failure and more as an opportunity for growth and improvement. Consider the context of your examples, like what led up to them and what the ramifications were.The interviewer may very well ask follow-up questions,so you should prepare to speak at length about your stories. This brings us to the next point, preparing for follow-up questions. The interviewer may be happy to follow your lead once the conversation gets flowing. Prepare for follow-up questions on your responses. Prepare for Follow-Up Questions An interview's not an interrogation. Most interviews aren't just going to shoot one question at you after another with nothing more than a nod in response to your answers. While the questions are important, the interviewer is also seeking to have a conversation and get to know you in a relatively brief period of time. Just as you can expect from any conversation, you'll probably get follow-up questions based on your responses. Your interviewer might ask you to give some more detail or provide some more context. If you talked about a challenge at work, the interviewer might ask what situations you think led up to that challenge or what changes in procedure you've made since. Once you've prepared your responses, consider what the interviewer might ask as a follow-up. What details could you elaborate on? How could your response branch into a related, but distinct direction? Just as you don't want to sound too rehearsed, you don't want your responses to be so tightly structured that you can't add additional ideas and details. If you find you have little to say about one of your success stories, then consider choosing onewith a bit more substance. Customize All of Your Answers As you read in the tips above, you can try to customize just about every one of your responses to the job at hand. Focus on your skills as they relate to the job description. In other words, what you say should not just be about you. It should also very much be about them. In most circumstances, the interviewer wants to make sure her next new hire possesses certain core competencies. Figure out what those core competencies are, and then reflect them in your responses. On the flip side, you might leave out other skills that aren't relevant. Highlight the ones that are most important in this particular context. Even if you don't have direct experience, you can show that you have skills that would transfer well to the role. By highlighting your transferable skills, you can show that you'd be successful in the new role, with or without previous experience. This idea of tailoring your answers to the job and organization is pretty much the fundamental overriding principle of all your interview prep. Aim to be knowledgeable, specific, and prepared to speak at length about what makes you the best person for the job! What’s Next? We’ve picked out the top interview questions to help you prepareyour best answers. Check out this guide with tips and sample answers to the most common job interview questions. What else can you do to rock your job interview? Check out this guide with tips for acing your interview, from picking out your power outfit to following up with a personalized message. Are you on the job hunt? This guide will help you write an excellent cover letter with a step-by-step template and six free cover letter samples.

Approaches to banking regulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Approaches to banking regulation - Essay Example As the search for the best supervision and regulation approaches continues, it is essential for the involved countries to conduct thorough assignments on the fundamental principles to employ in order to attain financial system stability and growth (Barth et. al. 2004, p.208). This paper looks into two banking regulation approaches, which are the ring-fencing and total separation strategies. Approaches to banking regulation Ring-fencing Ring-fencing is a strategy that structurally distinguishes retail banking activities from wholesale and investment bank activities. Ring-fencing mainly focuses on ensuring that provision of services is not interfered with in case of a bank’s failure. Secondly, ring-fencing aims at making it easier and less costly in resolving banks. Thirdly, this approach controls incentives for excessive risk-taking. Apart from the three main objectives of ring-fencing, this approach offers several benefits such as insulating vital UK retail bank services from global financial crises, it allows for an easier monitoring of banks under ring-fencing and in a much transparent way. The other possible benefit is the ability to promote competitiveness because UK retail banking can be made safer (Bertsch 2012, p.2). The ring-fencing approach offers a number of advantages compared to the total separation approach of bank regulation. To begin with, ring-fencing has the potential to preserve diversification benefits because it allows for an efficient use of capital, and probably lower funding costs. The second advantage is that the ring-fencing strategy preserves a higher degree of operational synergies. Thirdly, ring-fencing approach offers the advantage of having reduced legal obstacles in comparison to full separation. In addition, ring-fencing approach can be implemented with the existing European Union framework, which includes foreign banks within UK subsidiary (Independent Commission on Banking 2011, p.35). In 2011, the independent commission on banking recommended retail ring-fencing of UK banks over total separation. The main aim was to isolate banking activities in areas where continuous provision of services is of the essence to the economy and customers at large. Settling on ring-fenci ng approach would create a scenario of mutual advantageous interaction between various bank operations, which produces a higher effect than when the operations are carried individually (Independent Commission on Banking 2011, p39). Ring-fencing bank regulatory approach offers a number of restrictions to ring-fenced banks. The first restriction is that banks are not permitted to render services that are not offered to customers within the EEA. The other restriction prohibits such banks from offering services that lead to an exposure to a non-ring-fenced banking institution or non-banking financial organization. Moreover, ring-fenced banks are not allowed to offer services that would lead to trading book asset such as investing in stock, and corporate debt securities. Apart from these restrictions, under this regulatory approach, they are restricted from offering services that would influence the necessity to hold regulatory capital against counter-party credit risk or market risk. Th ese risks include the purchase or origination of derivatives. Finally, ring-fenced banks are prohibited from offering services that relate to the secondary market activity (Singh 2007, p.178). In ring-fencing

A proposed study on facility planning and design in manufacturing Assignment

A proposed study on facility planning and design in manufacturing process - Assignment Example Three types exist in manufacturing system, which includes process layout, product layout and group layout and they are further classified into flow line, cell and centre (Khusna, Siti, Jamasri, and Hideki 1). A techniques recommended in planning analysis of a facility is simulation techniques, which helps the designer in identifying the assembly system storage in this stochastic situation. It is developed as an analysis tool reconfiguration of line to handle the future demand fluctuation. Simulation tools in planning include Flexsim software, QUEST (17), Arena (9), Witness (21), ProModel (25) and IGRIP (17). The tools used for optimizing layout design include Simulated Annealing (SA), Tabu Search (TS), and Genetic Algorithms (GA) (Khusna et el. 3). Different studies have been carried out by different authors to explain the application of those tools. Different investigation have been carried out to identify the appropriate tools for planning and manufacturing process though they have been faced with limitation such as time. The studies done found out that the facility design analysis such as material handling system and layout are crucial in manufacturing industries (Khusna et el. 3). Khusna Dwijayanti, Siti Zawiah Md Dawal, Jamasri, and Hideki Aoyama. A Proposed Study on Facility Planning and Design in Manufacturing Process. Viewed on May 2010, from

Definition Of Success Essay Example for Free

Definition Of Success Essay We were born to work. We must achieve something great in a limited time. This is our duty a duty that every man or woman should bear. Depending on how this duty will be beard, we may say whether this person was successful or not. In a book the word success was defined as a favourable result or wished for ending through the achievement of goals. That is, if one attains a desired goal through achievement, he or she can be considered as a successful one. And the only way to achieve your goal is through hard work. Many people define the word success as being rich, which means having a great amount of money and owning valuable materials. Nowadays, this definition of success is thought of as not the most appropriate because there is more to success than just being wealthy or popular. These people should not forget that success is only awarded to those who have worked for it and those who deserve it. Success is not easily obtainable. That is why I can fully agree with the famous hairstylists quotation, that the only place where success comes before work is in the dictionary.

Women in Post-Revolutionary Russia: The Opportunities and Obstacles :: Russian Russia History

Women in Post-Revolutionary Russia: The Opportunities and Obstacles The last Tsar of Russia abdicated the throne in February of 1917. With the fall of the old regime, many old gender barriers fell, as well. The period after the Bolsheviks rose to power was a time of many changes for all Russians, but none were more affected than the women of the time. Lenin, the leader of the Bolshevik party (later called the Communists) was greatly disturbed by the domestic enslavement of Soviet women, and almost immediately granted political equality for females throughout the nation. With this newfound freedom, women were presented with many new opportunities in all aspects of life, and many challenges, as well. Lenin reformed many civil and penal codes to the advantage of women. Almost overnight all learning institutions opened their doors to both sexes, which suddenly gave women the opportunity to strive for professional careers and higher paying jobs. Women were given equal standing in marriage, and it became possible for them to get divorced, to have abortions , and to sue for child support. Women could own property. Within the Communist party, women rose to leadership positions. In theory, there was complete equality between the sexes. However, even with the advantages of the Communist leadership, there were some pitfalls, as well. While the increased leniency of divorce laws was obviously an advantage to many unhappy wives, some men made use of the new freedom also. Some women were left to raise their children alone, and without the salary of their husbands, found it almost impossible. Although these women now had complete economic independence under the laws of Lenin, in practice all was not as simple. With several young children to watch over during the day, it was difficult for any mother to be able to engage in any work outside of family life. The realities of these women were shown clearly in Alexandra Kollontai's novel Love of Worker Bees. based on life in post-revolutionary Russia. When Mr. Feodoseev abandons his wife for another woman, she is horrified at the thought of trying to get a job while raising three school-aged children. However, in Kollontai's novel, she is seen as petty and jealous by certain m embers of the party, instead of a woman with great financial difficulties. Perhaps this shows a certain blindness that many communist leaders had to the realities of women's everyday lives and circumstances.

Intertestament Period

Exploring the Bible 3 October, 2011 Inter-Biblical Period: 400 Years The Old Testament focuses on God’s covenant with his people and the stories of men of great faith and also men of prophecy, foretelling Christ coming. The New Testament, however, focuses on the redemption side. The Redemption side is Christ’s story here on Earth and his ministry to other people. Malachi, the last book written in the Old Testament, was written around 424 B. C. Then 418 years after, the book of Matthew, the first book of the New Testament, was written.The Intertestamental Period is the period of history between the two testaments. Since God did not speak to his people directly through prophets, this period is also known as the 400 years of silence. Now, what happened in those four hundred years? The Intertestamental Period was a time where many empires came along, new religious groups formed, and where theological and literature pieces were developed that molded Israel going into the tim e of Christ. Politics in a nation help dictate and run the people, in Israel’s case, they had to deal with many empires coming in.During the Intertestamental Period, they had five key periods of leaders and kingdoms. The Persian Empire arrived around 430 B. C. and they ruled until 332 B. C. The Persian rule was recorded as being mild and tolerant. (Scott, 1783) The Persians were taken over by the Greeks. The Greek period went from 331 B. C. to 167 B. C. (Scott, 1783) Alexander the Great, son of King Philip of Macedonia, was given the control of the Greek army around the age of 20. (Halley, 402) With the control of the army, he was able to sweep over and take over Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, and Persia.Alexander the Great was very compassionate towards the Jews and he spared the city of Jerusalem. He established Greek cities in his conquered places and he did it with the plan to spread Greek culture and language throughout the world including Israel. After Alexander’s deat h, his empire was separated to his four generals. (Halley, 402) Egypt and Palestine was given to Ptolemy and under him the conditions of the Jews were at a peaceful state. In Egypt, Alexandria was the influential center of Judaism. In 167 B. C. was the beginning of the Period of Independence also known as the Maccabean period.Mattathias was a priest and he was upset at Antiochus motivation to destroy the Jews, so he gathered Jews and raised a revolt. Mattathias had five sons, Judas, Jonathan, Simon, John, and Elezar. (Halley, 404) The Maccabean period lasted until 63 B. C. and the Romans followed after. Palestine was conquered by the Romans under Pompey. Idumean was the first to be appointed ruler of Judea. His son, Herod the Great, succeeded him. (Halley, 404) Herod was a shrewd politician who wanted to get good with the Jews. He was very cruel and brutal towards his people.Politics and leaders are key roles in establishing a nation. In this case, these five empires helped develop rules and guidelines that led the people and that eventually grew and prepared Israel for the coming of Christ. During the 400 years of silence, religion was another area that grew in Israel. During this time, the religion was not set up was polytheistic or monotheistic but instead it was groups of people. For example the four main groups of the religions groups or parties are Pharisees, Sadducees, Zealots, and Herodians.These four groups followed what they believed and chose to do whatever they wanted to do. The Pharisees is the group most people probably know because of their role in the Gospels and the fact Paul was one. They took the Law and believed it was their job to take it and to put into new conditions. (Hester, 325-326) The accepted both the Torah and tradition. The Pharisees rejected anyone who didn’t live by the standards they did. On the opposite side were the Sadducees. They were the second main group and they had more power than the Pharisees until 70 A.D. whe n their temple was destroyed. (Hester, 325-326) The Sadducees consisted of the wealthy priests. They were a conservative group and they didn’t try to take the Law and put into a new situation but they instead took and limited themselves to the five books of Moses. After 70 A. D, the Pharisees were the leaders of the Jewish people by giving them a religious life aside from the temple. The other two parties were more political than religious groups. The Zealots were a nationalist group that opposed the Romans.Simon, one of Jesus’ disciples, was a Zealot. The other group, the Herodians, basically supported Herod and his dynasty and supported what he did for the nation. These four groups are the religious groups that developed the main teachings and guidelines people believe until Christ’s ministry began. Even though religion and politics are a big part of a civilization, another key role is the literature and writing of a nation. Literature and writing in Israel or any nation is an influential part because it is what the people follow and speak.In Israel, Hebrew was the language of the Old Testament. This was the main language of religion. Latin was the language of Roman and it was commonly spoken among the people. Greek was another language and it was the language that tied the Roman Empire together. The most common language of Palestine in Jesus’ day was Aramaic. (Halley, 410) Most writings are believed to have been written in Aramaic and translated into Greek. (Halley, 410) The Old Testament was written in Hebrew but was spoken in Greek. Septuagint is a translation of the Old Testament into Greek.The Torah was translated first. It was called the Septuagint because of the 70 translators and Septuagint means 70 in Greek. (Halley, 409) Another type of translation was Targums and they are translations of the Old Testament into Aramaic. They were first oral translations, paraphrases, and interpretations these types of languages and writi ng were influential in the development of the social status during the Intertestamental Period. Even though writing is important the question is what was the theology being taught during this period?Theology is important because it is what the people studied and how they viewed God. The Apocrypha, is writings which the writer assumed the name of a hero long since dead, and rewrote history in terms of prophecy. (Halley, 406) Some of this included, Books of Enoch, Assumption of Moses, Ascension of Isaiah, Book of Jubilees, Psalms of Solomon, and more. These books are the books that were written by people in the period of the 400 years of silence, and they preached about the prophecies that the prophets spoke and also the birth of Christ and the end times.This theology is the closest literature that the people had to connect to God and the prophecies that was spoken. All of these books spoke of Christ coming and his ministry that he will live for and preach. The Intertestamental Period consisted of political powers overtaking each other, religious groups, and theological books and literature that preached Christ coming and that developed the nation of Israel. The political side consisted of Persian, Greek, Egyptian, the Maccabees, and the Romans. The eligious side had the Pharisees, Sadducees, Zealots, and Herodians and they all had different views and theories. And the language part consisted of Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic. The theology piece was the Apocrypha, which re-emphasized the prophets foretelling. All these pieces and parts put together made up the Intertestamental Period and it formed Israel and it carried over into the ministry of Jesus. The 400 years of silence at last was broken, and God sent his son Jesus Christ to testify the truth and overcome the world.Work Cited Scott, J. Julius Jr. â€Å"Time Between the Testaments. † ESV Study Bible: English Standard Version. Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles. 2008. 1783-1789. Print. Halley, Dr. Henry H. Halley’s Bible Handbook: with New International Version. Grand Rapids, Michigan. Zondervan Publishing House. 2000. 402-412. Print. Hester, H. I. The Heart of Hebrew History: A Study of the Old Testestament. Liberty, Missouri, The Quality Press, Inc. 1962. 313-330. Print.

Black Civil Rights and Feminist Rights

During the twentieth century, both the Civil Rights and the Women’s Rights movements had a comparable ambition in mind. They both wanted to gain the rights and opportunities that others had. In this research paper my goal is to compare and contrast both movements and how they went about chasing each of their goals, and at the same time express some of my viewpoints.The Black Civil Rights was a movement that began right when â€Å"Reconstruction† ended in the late 1870’s which granted all Americans to equal treatment under the law, as provided by the Fourteenth Amendment (Sidlow & Henschen, 99) I will be discussing certain examples that marked this movement significantly. For example, in the landmark of Plessey vs. Ferguson decision in 1896, the Supreme Court upheld the racist policy of segregation by legalizing â€Å"separate but equal† facilities for blacks and whites (Sidlow & Henschen, 101).The court then sentenced blacks to more than half a century of social inequality. Along with this certain act, came many more prominent movements that shaped the world today. The Selma to Montgomery March, for example, was a movement that both MLK Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership (SCLC) helped organized after the renowned Rosa Parks refused to move to the â€Å"colored section†. After being arrested and fined, many African Americans were spurred and began to organize a nine-year boycott (Sidlow & Henschen, 103).Through years of struggle the government proved unable to secure civil rights for Black people, and so activists started to take matters into their own hands in the early 1960s. The Black Civil Rights Movement initially fueled the Liberal Feminism Movement or also known as the Women’s Liberation. This movement refers to a series of campaigns promoting gender equality and at the same time, opposing the perpetuation of gender discrimination in all economic, political, legal and social structures.In 1966 the National Organization for Women (NOW) was founded by liberal feminists based on the NAACP with the aim of bringing civil rights to women where the legislation wasn’t being honored ( Sidlow & Henschen, 107). Furthermore, in 1969 the media caught on to the movement and brought a wider audience into it that in turn created more momentum to get their goals met alongside the goals of blacks. The movement, fueled by these successes, renewed a push for an Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the Constitution (Sidlow & Henschen, 107).The amendment was then adopted in 1972 and states began adopting it, but adoption abruptly halted two years down the road and ultimately failed. The work of the Liberal Feminism Movement started to merge with the work of the Civil Rights Movement, as both were movements seeking similar rights for their respective minority groups. Blacks were largely the group violently pushed back against, and the group for which Affirmative Action was initially formed, but both movem ents were met with similar opposition as they played out at the same time.These movements both had a goal as extensive as racial equality since gender equality with skin of the same color felt like a task of the same size to the feminists and although the Civil Rights Movement accomplished this goal in manageable steps, the ultimate goal was equality with whites and equality with all women. The Feminism Movement used many of the same strategies and methods as the Civil Rights Movement, Nonviolence, for example, was known to be the best tactic at the time (Sidlow & Henschen, 103). Although anger would have been detrimental, nonviolence was still the tool of choice.For the Liberal Feminism Movement there was some room for angered nonviolence, but to be on par with the Civil Rights Movement they used nonviolence like the tool of the minority as well. Both the women of the Liberal Feminism Movement and blacks were minorities, but blacks were by far considered a definite minority due to skin color. Feminist fall into the majority white population and are therefore protected to some extent from undue harm by authorities. In conclusion, The Black Civil Rights were fighting with people not of color, while the Feminist movement was fighting against men.They both used nonviolence methods to best achieve their goals and were ultimately willing to do anything possible to reach them. Sex and race have both been an issue for many years and both are still factors in the political spectrum now a days that determine what â€Å"side† you belong to. Cases like, Plessey vs. Ferguson and Brown vs. Board of Education, and Rosa Parks, are all examples that these two movements brought about, both aiming for the same thing. As well as school integration, busing, abortion, and wage discrimination were all issues that they had to fight through for so long, to ultimately get what they wanted which was equality.

Eco Assignment Essays - Costs, Public Economics, Microeconomics

Eco Assignment Essays - Costs, Public Economics, Microeconomics 6) From economic point of view, what are the main causes of market failure ? From economic point of view, the main causes of market failure are Incomplete markets, Indivisibilities, Common property resources, Imperfect markets, Asymmetric Information, Externalities, Positive Externalities of Production, Negative externalities of production, Public Goods and Public Bads. In this present reality, there is non-achievement of Pareto optimality because of various requirements in the working of immaculate rivalry. A vital reason for ecological corruption is business sector disappointment. It implies poor working of business sectors for ecological merchandise and administrations. It reflects disappointment of government arrangement in uprooting business sector twists made by value controls and endowments. Based on Incomplete markets statement, Markets for certain things are incomplete or missing under perfect competition. The absence of markets for such things as public goods and common property resources is a cause of market failure. There is no way to equate their social and private benefits and costs either in the present or in the future because their markets are incomplete or missing. Based on Indivisibilities statement, the Paretian optimality is based on the assumption of complete divisibility of products and factors used in consumption and production. In reality, goods and factors are not infinitely divisible. Rather, they are indivisible. The problem of divisibility arises in the production of those goods and services that are used jointly by more than one person. An important example is of road in a locality. It is used by a number of persons in the locality. But the problem is how to share the costs of repairs and maintenance of the road. In fact, very few persons will be interested in its maintenance. Thus marginal social costs and marginal social benefits will diverge from each other and Pareto optimality will not be achieved. Based on Common property resources, Another cause of market failure is a common property resource. Common ownership when coupled with open access, would also lead to wasteful exploitation in which a user ignores the effects of his action on others. Open access to the commonly owned resources is a crucial ingredient of waste and inefficiency. Its most common example is fish in a lake. Anyone can catch and eat it but no one has an exclusive property right over it. It means that a common property resource is non-excludable (anyone can use it) and non-rivalrous (no one has an exclusive right over it). The lake is a common property for all fishermen. When a fisherman catches more fish, he reduces the catch of other fishermen. But he does count this as a cost, yet it is a cost to society. Because the lake is a common property resource where there is no mechanism to restrict entry and to catch fish. The fisherman who catches more fish imposes a negative externality on other fishermen so tha t the lake is overexploited. This is called the tragedy of the commons which leads to the elimination of social gains due to the overuse of common property. Thus when property rights are common, indefinite or non-existent, social costs will be more than private costs and there will not be Pareto Optimality. Based on imperfect markets statement, Pareto efficiency increases under perfect competition. But it declines under market distortions or imperfections. Let us consider a case of monopoly. Initially, monopoly equilibrium is at point E where the private marginal cost curve, PMC, cuts the marginal revenue curve, MR, from below. The monopolist produces OQ1 output at OP1 price. But the production process generates smoke in the air. Therefore, the pollution board levies a tax equal to on the monopoly firm. The imposition of a pollution tax is, in fact, a fixed cost to the monopoly firm. Now the social marginal cost curve cuts the marginal revenue curve at point e. The monopolist increases the price of his product from OP1 to OP2 and restricts output to OQ2 and thereby reduces consumers surplus to Q2 MLQ1 (= OQ1 LP1 OQ2 MP2). In fact, Q2 MLQ1 is the social cost of OQ2 output. But the net loss to society is Q2 MLQ1 TE= eMLT, the shaded area in the figure. Based on Asymmetric Information statement, Pareto optimality assumes that producers and consumers have perfect

Courage to Speak is Courage to Succeed

Courage to Speak is Courage to Succeed I am writing this note in May with a full and happy heart on the bus ride home from New York City where I did a two-minute pitch at the Jewish Book Conference. I’d practiced my pitch since February when I first registered for the conference almost everywhere – in the shower, with my kids, on the bus to work everywhere. But it’s a totally different experience when you pitch in front of a large crowd – in this case, 200 people who represented the various Jewish Community Centers among bookstores, festival organizers, bookclubs nationwide. The full-blown decision makers. They are the ones who decide whether to fly me out to various venues around the country to talk about my book’s message of courage during their upcoming programming year. So this brings me to my main point. If you want people to know about your book, the best way to get the word out is to speak about it. There’s something about taking a book off the â€Å"Amazon hinges† and connecting with an audience. Social media can only take you so far.  People see and hear your voice. You feel excited. They sense your passion. And the word spreads. I call this organically building a platform. Back to basics. I stood on that stage and gave that pitch every ounce of my being. There was that strong warrior woman of my Israel Defense Forces past I thought Id parked in the memoir, but that day I brought her back. To New York City. Where the Story began. The pitch: â€Å"It was an accident I got inducted in the Israel Defense Forces. I had no idea what I was getting involved in. My mother, daughter of a Holocaust survivor, child prodigy, Julliard graduate who played alongside Leonard Bernstein, was terrified I’d get blown up But I wanted to prove to my Israeli father that I could be my own person away from my mother’s fears and paranoias of Israel. So I dropped out of college and found myself in the middle of the desert with a bunch of immigrants who ridiculed and bullied me. Aerogram after aerogram, my mother pleaded with me to come home. I got my entire company punished because I arrived late for an inspection. I struggled to complete an eighteen kilometer march for our green beret in basic training. I held down an entire camp during one of Israel’s worst snowstorms in history with just one other Russian girl from my company. Mind you, that’s a great way to bond. As a lone IDF soldier, it was hard to stay courageous, but I managed to earn the best soldier award from then president Chaim Herzog. And I heard my mother say, â€Å"Dorit, you’re a really good kid.† Danny Ayalon, former ambassador to the US, says this about Accidental Soldier: A touching and courageous journey of the female immigrant experience that many readers will sympathize with. But the magic didn’t stop with the pitch. Groups came up to me afterwards to ask questions ranging from how did it feel to write my memoir to how did it feel to come back to the States. One woman eagerly asked if I had additional copies of the book. Her group already received their review copies, but she wanted the one copy I had to give it to four other groups in her area who wanted a speaker to talk about an Israel type experience. Wow! Talk about instant booking! At a busy cafà © in midtown Manhattan, I sat with my publicist, who called the experience â€Å"mind-blowing.† I blew up that room. Faces lit up. People watched as I spoke instead of peering over their thick books of numerous author profiles and copious notes. Through trial and error, Ive learned as an author to do these three things: Write a killer book. Hire a killer editor. Speak. Speak. Speak. I know of no better way to spread the word. And it begins with having the courage and the faith to put yourself out there. To your book writing success, Dorit.

Role of Accreditation in Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Role of Accreditation in Healthcare - Essay Example Research shows that accredited health facilities offer a high level of patient care and service than unaccredited institutions. In essence therefore, by accrediting health facilities, government and registered healthcare accreditation bodies are offering patients with a map on where and where not to seek treatment. Without accreditation, people seek healthcare services would easily fall for quacks, and in the process endanger their health. The second role of accreditation is that it acts as a basis for protecting and fighting for patient rights (Manley et al, 2008). What this means is that in case health provision goes wrong and harms a patient’s health, the patient has a basis for seeking legal redress. For instance, a patient can seek legal help through the accreditation body. Alternatively, the patient can enjoin the accreditation body, when seeking legal redress from an accredited healthcare organization. Without accreditation and clear cut rules on how healthcare facilities should handle their patients, it would be difficult for a patient to seek legal redress in case something goes wrong. This is because; there would be no set benchmarks against which, health care service is measured against. The third role of accreditation in healthcare is statistics, budgeting and government fiscal planning. What this means is that through accreditation, the government is able to collect variable data on the current status of the healthcare sector (Sears et al, 2015). For instance, the government can easily collect data from accredited institutions on the prevalence of lifestyle diseases like diabetes. It can then act on such data and come up with measures for combating such diseases. Without accreditation, it would be difficult to know how many healthcare facilities are in operation leave alone collect valuable healthcare data from them.

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 29

No topic - Essay Example The narrowness of this region enables it to allow the penetration of anything that lies on the surface of the rock. The more the weight of the bighorn is running down to its hooves, the more the two digits make contact with the rock and tend to slide away from each other forming a v-shape. The v-shaped element formed enables the removal of slippery materials on the rocks and leaves it rough thus preventing the sheep from falling from the rocks. Pertaining to the air resistance, a cat jumping from a high floor tends to have lesser injuries than when it is falling from a lower height of the wall. The reason behing this lies behind the notion of the rotation it makes with its body that increases the air resistance that acts against the forces of gravity pulling it to the ground. Thus, the more the air resistance, the lesser the injuries to the cat when its rolling from a high wall (Walker, 2007). But when the cat is jumping from a lower height, it does not rotate its body, thus less air resistance is created (Walker,

Saudi Arabia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Saudi Arabia - Essay Example The most difficult duty that the King has to perform is to maintain a balanced and harmonious relationship among the Royal Family members, the upper-class people of the society and the Ulama, an Islamic religious community (Lacey 39). The difficulty mainly arises from the conflict of interests between the religious community and the other bourgeois class people, as in this regard, Matthes et al says that the king’s decision-making often involves maintaining balance and mitigating â€Å"conflict between religious and power interests† (3). Due to the tribal pattern of the Saudi Arabian society, the King often needs to interfere into tribal agreements, and at the same time, to renew the government’s agreements with the Arabian tribes. It is mutually agreed that, unlike a democratic political system the Saudi Royal Family is endowed with the power to dethrone the King. Overview of Saudi Arabian Government From the very beginning of the establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932, the country is being ruled under monarchy, as Gerald Butt, a middle East Analyst, says, â€Å"The history of Saudi Arabia is entwined - as much as its name is - with the fate and fortunes of the House of Saud, which traces its origins back to the 18th Century† (2). ... t, Matthes et al says, â€Å"Occupying nearly all the important state positions, the large Al Saud family dominates Saudi-Arabian politics as well as parts of the economy making the desert kingdom a â€Å"family firm†(4). The country’s high authoritative decisions come from a cabinet of 15 members. Since the cabinet primarily consists of members who are close in kinship to the King, it becomes often difficult to take a decision by fulfilling all of the members’ interests. The decisions are often deterred and protracted. Constitution of Saudi Arabia: Interests of Royal Family, Islam, and the Leading Technocrat in it Since Saudi Arabia’s constitution consists of the Koran, Allah’s laws and Sunnah, the explanation of the Koran, the country does not have any constitution in traditional sense, rather it has some 83 operational laws on which the kingdom is expected to be operated. Since the state is responsible for the enforcement of Islamic law or Shari ah, the Saudi constitution does not consider the existence of religious organizations. Also Article 5 declares the political system of the country as monarchy and also it does not permit any political organizations in the country. According to article 5c, the King can choose his heir. Though the King is considered to be endowed with unfettered power, he is expected to respect Islamic Laws and Values. According to Article 44, three types of authorities are considered to function as parts of the state, while the King preserves the supreme power to interfere into any of these authoritative powers. According to the Saudi Constitution, the monarchy is considered as the key source of power with the right to interfere into any level of the government. The Council of Ministers and its Functions during the Years Prior to 1990

Concentration Levels of Essential Metals

Concentration Levels of Essential Metals Comparative Distribution of Selected Essential Metals in Drinking Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Method Tanzeel ur Rehman and Misbah Zahid ABSTRACT This study reports the concentration levels of selected essential metals; Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe and Zn in the drinking water collected from different areas of Islamabad. The levels of these metals present in the drinking ground water were compared with standards reported worldwide. The analysis was carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean metal concentration for Na was far less than those reported worldwide, while the average concentrations of K and Zn were also less than those reported worldwide. The mean concentration of Fe was equal to those reported worldwide standards. Sodium showed maximum concentration while Fe was estimated to be the lowest among the selected metals. Key Words: Essential Metals; Ground water; Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry INTRODUCTION Environmental pollution especially in the metropolitan cities is generally expected to deteriorate the quality of drinking water. One of the important parameters of the quality of water is represented by the concentration of major, minor and trace elements. In industrial areas, some of the metals may be expected to present at considerably elevated level as a result of excessive industrial effluents which might find their way to the underground drinking water reservoir1. Contrary to such theory, one may suggest that, the underground drinking water resources may still be out of reach to the surface pollutants. In any of such cases, regular monitoring of trace metals is always recommended especially in the drinking water2. In Pakistan, only limited population has access to the purified public water supply while the rest of population is dependent upon direct withdrawal of water from both surface and underground sources. Most of the quality problems in Pakistan are due to lack of waste disposal regulations non-availability of treatment facilities and due to lack of public awareness about water quality3. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry is most commonly used for the determination of metal levels in the groundwater and soil4. In addition, few other techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence, ICPMS, ICPES, flame photometry, emission spectrography and voltammetry have been used for metal analysis on limited scale. Atomic absorption method is preferably used because it is more sensitive, and reproducible, relatively free of interferences and convenient to use than most of the other methods of analysis. For the quantitative measurements of trace metal levels, calibration line method has been most widely applied. The most selective light sources in the form of hollow cathode lamps have been in use since a long in atomic absorption spectroscopy5. Drinking water used in Rawalpindi and Islamabad is contributed by two main sources. First is the surface water, mainly in the form of dams and the other is groundwater which is drained off after proper boring. Water supplied to twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad is mostly a run-off collected from the watershed of Murree hills. The contamination is due to the anthropogenic emissions and geological structure of the area bearing unhealthy minerals affecting the taste and characteristics of water6. The pathogenic organism is also responsible for health hazard, apart from the inorganic chemical7. The present study was carried out to estimate the concentration of selected essential metals Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe and Zn in the drinking water and then to compare these metal levels with the international standards in order to evaluate their health effects. EXPERIMENTAL Water samples were collected from the residential areas of Islamabad. These samples were collected in plastic bottles and stored in proper place before analysis. Before filling, the sample bottles were first rinsed with the sample water and were then filled to overflow so that no air bubble was left trapped in the sample. The samples were collected during day time, mostly on a shiny day. Care was taken to collect the representative samples. For calibration line, working standards of the metals were prepared. The stock solutions of 100 ppm of all these metals were prepared from pure metal salts, or metal salt having fixed H2O molecules. The working standards were prepared by appropriately diluting 100 ppm stock solutions of these metals. All equipments used, were properly calibrated prior to experimental measurement. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Hitachi, 170-10, Japan) equipped with laminar flow burner. Air-acetylene flame was used for the determination of these metals under optimum analytical conditions shown in Table-1. Each metal was analyzed at its optimum wavelength under stipulated flow rate of oxidant and fuel, as recommended by the manufacturer of the instrument. Every care was taken to reduce the contamination during the analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The analysis of selected essential metals was performed under the optimum analytical conditions as shown in Table-1. The absorption wavelength used for Ca was 422.7 nm, for Mg 285.2 nm, for Na 589.0 nm, for K 766.5 nm, for Fe 248.3 nm, Zn 213.8 nm. The lamp currents were properly adjusted as recommended by the manufacturer and oxidant and fuel flow rates were also controlled for maximum absorption signal (Table-1). The distributed parameters for the selected essential metals in the drinking water are shown in Table-2. Minimum levels for Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, and Zn were 1.15, 9.00, 11.21, 0.70, 0.20 and 0.23 ppm, while their maximum values were 32.43, 25.64, 25.95, 4.43, 0.63 and 0.56 ppm respectively. Ca, Mg and Na were present at dominant levels while K, Fe, and Zn showed relatively low concentrations. Mean and median values were found to be comparable in each case. Overall, the metal levels were quite divergent as manifested by relative high standard deviation values as well as appreciably large coefficient of variance. In water, trace amounts of metals are common, and normally, these are not harmful to health. In fact, some metals are essential for the sustainability of life. Ca, Mg, K and Na must be present at relatively higher levels for normal body functions. Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se and Zn are needed as catalysts for enzyme activities at low levels. Drinking water containing high levels of these extremely important metals or poisonous metals such as Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg. Se and Ag may be dangerous to health8. The presence of metals in water supply may be natural or may be the result of contamination. Natural presence of these metals is the result of dissolution of metals due to the connection of water with soil or rocks9. Corroded material i.e corrosion of pipes and waste disposal leakage are the major sources of contamination of water. Metals present at high enough level than threshold limit value should be removed to be out of risk factor. Comparison of present metal levels with the international standards is shown in Table-3. Ca is important in controlling nerve impulse conduction and muscle contraction in living organisms. It has very important role in blood clotting. It converts fibrinogen to fibrin during blood clotting10. Ca is very important for good health. Most of the required portion of Ca for human body is provided by the drinking water containing Ca. This particular amount of Ca prevents ailments as hypertension, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disorders. The calcium level was found in the range of 1.15 to 32.43 ppm. The WS-1, WS-2, WS-3 has approximately equal amount of Ca while the WS-6 has a maximum amount of Ca. The median of all these samples were 18.64 ppm. The WS-5 was found to have the minimum amount of Ca. All the observation shows that Ca has the low amount than the WHO standards. The standard deviation is 8.02 and the co–efficient of variance is 40.8 which is maximum than all the other elem ents. Magnesium is driven out from the bodies of healthy persons. People may suffer from increase in blood pressure, muscle weakness and even coma if they have kidney disease. Mg is for signaling the nervous system and it also participates in osmotic and electrolyte balance. It is essentially required in photosynthesis. In human, it can cause genetic disorder11. In the present work the Mg mean value was found 18.04 ppm. The concentration of Mg ranges from 9.00–25.64 ppm. The lowest value was found in WS-6D and the highest was found in WS-2C. The median was found 16.36 ppm .All the values were found to be below the international standards of WHO. The maximum difference was found in WS-1 samples which is 15.93–25.23. The median was lower than the mean which shows asymmetry in its distribution. The standard deviation is 4.59 ppm and co-efficient of variance is 23.21 which is lower than all other elements. Sodium is beneficial to healthy adults at normal intake levels. But people having hypertension or heart problem should reduce Na intake to lower the danger of heart diseases and blood pressure. Na has serious effects on both human life and crop yield. Water high in Na is considered soft and generable for irrigation12. In present study, the result showed the mean value of Na was 19.80 ppm which was higher than Ca and Mg but this level was not the toxic level, so it has no bad effects. Na levels range from 11.21 to 35 ppm. The least Na levels were found in WS-6D and the highest was found in WS-4E. The median was higher than the mean value which showed the negative asymmetry in the data. The spread of the data is found in form standards deviation and was 6.02 ppm and the co-efficient of variance was 33.39 %. In comparison with the international standards, the Na levels found in the samples were low than WHO, EU, UK and Japan, but are just equivalent to USEPA standards. In natural water, K is found in far smallest concentration than other metals. It acts in water as Na does, although it occurs in small concentration but plays an important role in metabolism of the fresh water environment and is regarded to be the vital macro-nutrients. It has an important role in maintenance of osmotic and electrolytic balance. It is important in proper rhythm of heart beat. It is important for creation of nerve impulse and its transmission13. In our analysis the K ranges from 0.70 to 4.43 ppm and mean value was 3.06 ppm. The lowest level was found in WS-6A and the highest in WS-3A. The median is 3.53 ppm which showed the negative asymmetry and standard deviation is 1.19 and co-efficient of variance is 39%. K values in present study were much lower than EU and UK standards. Iron in water has not hazardous for health by itself but it may be responsible for increasing the hazard of pathogenic organisms, because many of these organisms need Fe to grow. Iron is one of the most abundant metals in the earth crust and is essential for plants, animals and human being. The permissible limit placed on this metal has no health significance14. In our study the mean value found for the Fe was 0.39 ppm. The minimum value was found at 0.2 ppm in the WS-4B, and the maximum was 0.63 ppm in WS-1A. The median found for Fe was 0.40 which is greater than the mean and show asymmetry in the data. The standard deviation was 0.13 which showed small spread of the data. The co-efficient of variance value was 33.79%, in comparison with the international standards of WHO, EU, USEPA, UK, Russia and Japan present levels were almost same. The iron present in the sample seems to be ferrous iron since no discoloration of water was observed when collected. Zinc is very important constituent in our diet. Zn has hazardous effects if we increase its amount 10-15 times higher than the amount required for good health. Large doses of Zn taken orally even for a short period of time can cause nausea, stomach cramps and vomiting. Its intake for longer time results in anemia and in decreasing the levels of good cholesterol. Metal fume fever, a short term disease, may be the result of inhaling Zn as dust or fumes of zinc. Breathing high levels of Zn for long time, no doubt, has long-term effects but these are still unknown. Zinc is essential element for plants and exists in water and soil as an organic complexes and inorganic salts. Zinc is required for growth, sexual development, wound healing infection, sense of taste and night vision in human15-17. The mean value found in water samples was 0.42 ppm which ranged from 0.23 to 0.56 ppm. The median of the data reading was 0.48 which showed negative asymmetry in the data. The standard deviation sho wn was 0.12 ppm and co-efficient of variance was 27.49 %. When these values are compared with international standards the Zn level was found lower than WHO, US EPA, Russia, but was higher than EU. CONCLUSION It was observed during the present study that mean concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, and Zn in the drinking water of Islamabad were found to be 19.65, 18.04, 19.80, 3.06, 0.39, and 0.42 ppm respectively. For Na, K, Ca, Mg and Zn, these values are far less in comparison to the concentrations reported worldwide, whereas for Fe present value is nearly equal to the reported values. Ca, Mg and Na were in high concentrations as they are macronutrients while K, Fe and Zn being the micronutrients were present in low concentrations. Over all, the selected metals revealed asymmetric distribution in their concentration duly reported by standard deviation and co-efficient of variation. Table-1: Optimum analytical conditions on FAAS for selected essential metals Table-2: Distribution of selected essential metal levels (ppm) in the drinking water BDL = Below Detection Limits Table-3: Comparison of selected essential metal levels (ppm) with the international standards reported world-wide18 REFERENCES Manahan, S. E. (1997). Environmental Science and Technology, Lewis Publishers, New York, pp. 339-340. Khan, M. J.; Sarwar, S. and Khattak, R. A. (2004). Evaluation of river Jehlum water for heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Cr) and its suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes at district Muzaffarabad (AK), Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 26, 436-442. InamUllah, E. and A. Alam, (2014). Assessment of drinking water quality in Peshawar, Pakistan. Bulg. J.Agric. Sci., 20: 595-600 Robinson, J. W. (1995). Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis, 5th Edition, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 7-8, 316-318. Mendham, J.; Denney, R. C.; Barnes, J. D. and M. Thomas, (2000). Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th Edition, Addison Wesley Longman Singapore. pp. 60-64 Manzoor, S.; M. H Shah, M. H; Shaheen, N.; Khalique, A. and Jaffar, M. (2006). Characterization distribution and comparison of selected metals in textile effluents, adjoining soil and groundwater, Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 28, 10-13. Rauf, M. A.; Ikram, M. and Shaukat, S. (2002). Water analysis of Rawal lake and its surrounding areas, Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 24, 271-281. Paul B Tchounwou, Clement G Yedjou, Anita K Patlolla, and Dwayne J Sutton, Heavy Metals Toxicity and the Environment, EXS. (2012); 101: pp. 133–164 Kumar, A. (1989) Environmental Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, pp. 60-64. Tahir, M. A.; Chaudary, M.; Rasool, M. R.; Naeen, T. M.; Chughtai, I. R. and Dhami, M. S. I. (1999). Quality of drinking water samples of Sialkot and Gujranwala, Proceedings of Tenth National Chemistry Conference, pp. 62-69. Konrad M, Weber S. Recent advances in molecular genetics of hereditary magnesium-losing disorders. Journal of American Society, Nephrol. (2003);14:249–260. Dr. James Robbins, Irrigation Water For Greenhouses And Nurseries Agriculture And Natural Resources , FSA6061. Hodgkin AL, Huxley AF (1952). Currents carried by sodium and potassium ions through the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo. Journal of Physiology 116 (4): 449–472. Afzal Shah,Abdul Niaz,Nazeef Ullah,Ali Rehman,Muhammad Akhlaq,Muhammad Zakir,andMuhammad Suleman Khan; Comparative Study of Heavy Metals in Soil and Selected Medicinal Plants; Journal of Chemistry, Volume20137. Simmer K, Thompson RP. Zinc in the fetus and newborn. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl (1985); 319:158-63. Fabris N, Mocchegiani E. Zinc, human diseases and aging. Aging (Milano) (1995); 7:77-93. Maret W, Sandstead HH. Zinc requirements and the risks and benefits of zinc supplementation. J Trace Elem Med Biol (2006); 20:3-18. Radojevic, M. and Bashkin, V. N. (1999). Practical Environmental Analysis, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK. 1